Oil burner



July l0, 1928(` H: A. ATWATER v OIL BURNER Filed Feb. 16, 1925 Palmi-ee July ic, Aieee,v

inicia HARRYV A. ATWATER, on nansasorrv, Missouri, AssrGNoitTo' coMBUstpIoN `nourr- MENT QOMBANY, onKANsAs CITY, Missionar, arnnmnnnsmr'oolurosnn MACKIE, n. J. MACKIE, n., v. DOWNS, ,mn HARRY A. ATWATER.,

`011. BURN-ER;

Application meri srebruary 16, Meal-ischgl no.. 9,599; n

The present inventionrelates to liquid l,or gaseous fuel burners, and aims toprovide a novel and improved burner construction in which provision is made for efliciently regulating theair supply to the space intovvhich the fuel `mixture is discharged and @Where the ignition of the fuel begins to'take place.

'-Accorclingl'y, I havedevised an improved type of burner of vthis character in which means are provided zfor shielding the space immediately vsurrounding lthe fuel discharge point, together with a device for regulating the movementof air to and from this space during the -bu=rne1"s'operati0n.

lit @is alsol sought to embody the invention inaconstruction in Which a fuel atomizing medium is usedk in connection with the feeding ofthe fuel, andaims to providea hood member carried by, the device which regu- 'latesthellow offsaid atomizing medium, and also an air regulating devicevvhich controls `thefiow of air v.through the lspace Within-said hoodim'emben f lVith. these general objects in view, the invention will noW be described by reference to the accompanying drawing `illustrating one iform of construction which I have yd'e- Vised lfor embodying the proposed improvements, after which those features and combinations deemed ltolce novel .will Abe particularly set forthand claimed.

In the drawing- Figure l is a side elevation showing anv oil burner constructed' in accordance With the presentv invention Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view,-

representin a section taken `on thevlines H-II of igure l; and v l y Figure 3 is an end `face vieuT of the burner.

In certain industrial operations, and particularly in the burning of refractory or clay Aproducts in kilns, the changing temperature conditions involved requirel such regulation-.or control of the heat generating pliant that oil burning deviceshave not here- "tofore been' able to operate will yfull ei'iiciency. Infsuchindustrial plants, the rate of oilconsumption Avaries over a Wide range on account of the relatively low temperature at which the clay burning operation is started, andthe greatly vincreased temperature attained toward theend of this opera- `tion". These and other factors necessarily involved: in such operating conditions re-` quire an oil burner'v to] undergo adyustmentsv yof lits operation that areuiot necessary for man-.y other 4industria-l uses;

flVith the':commercialjgrade ofi-.oilusually employed fwitlifburners lin suchfplants, it :is necessary Yto use an f atom-12mg medium, suchas steam-orv compressedfair,` to eEect-fproper atomization ofthe yfuel and formation-of an cflicient combustiblemixture. :But even' With the ,most-careful yregnilat-ion of the flow vof both the vfuel vand xits,y atomizin'g medium. in

this type ofl burner,.under loivfiiame v,conditions the flameis usually cli'aracteri-zedbynn intermittentgpopping action, i. e., an intermittent extinguishingand-reigniting ojlztlre iame, von. account r of the'low `.tem,perature` existing in the L,combustion chamber of .the lire .vboX, and the.' diiculty of avoiuzling` entirely-'the effecto'f the chilling actionof. the `air required ,for combustion` purposes.` ,Obviously, the merev variation of the sizeof' the orifices ofi the fuel `*feed and. the atomizing mediunigcannot have any material..eect on .the ignition temperature `under..extremely not possible to overcome corrective action can be obtained.v by eliminating as far as possible the chilling-v, action of the air relied upon to support combustion at the :fuel discharge point.v Accordingly, in the present design of burner I .employahood ldevice for shielding the ignition yZone ,around this-point, and further :provide means of regu-lation lfor the movement offai-r to and n.

from. the same.

. Referring now thedrainingY in` detail,`

this illustrates-ia burner member compnising .a casting Il having a central fuel i.passage 5 through whichVV liquid fuel such as oil .isecon-l 4ducted bymeans l of pipe 6,` and surrounding this passage v5 :is an `annular :passage 7 vthrough Which` anyl suitable atomi-Zing :me-

@liu-m such -as steam-for air-'under .pressure conductedby means o'favsupply pipe-8.v `At thediscjharg'e end-of the passagealis fitted `la nozzle ,tip Yelement 9- having the `discharge oriieeq'l@ ithrcnigli which thev discharge of fuel is regulated by thepoint 11 ofa vneedle valve, the stem 12 of which extends centrally through the passage and through the packing nut 14, the outer endof .the stem being fitted with the usual operating handle 15. 1

The fair space immediately surrounding the discharge orificeKv is shielded by a conical or flaring air hood. member 16 having a t cylindrical casing yportion 17 of a diameter slightly greater than the adjacent end of the burner casting 45, with Which'it isengaged by means .of a` screw thread as indlcated at 18 (Figure 2.)'. "Thlsrcombined hood `inember and casing portion `is furthermore providedv withV a cone-shapedpartition 20 'designed to close up the outer end of the annu-y larjpassage l7, and` this partition is formed with :a 'central opening 22 surrounding kthe tip of the'nozzle 9, land thus providingan annular discharge orifice Yfor the atoniizing medium, which orifice obviously isregulated by the adjustment ofthe vcombined hood member 16 and`V its casing portion 17 `uponthe, vburner 4L throughfthe medium ofthe thread 18.4 l

`Uponthe hoodmember 16 is mounted a similarlyshaped shutter member 24C ha'ving a cylindrical'portion 25 fitted upon the casing portion v17 of the hood member, theliood and shutter yIriferlber beingl formedl With regis trableopenings 26 for the purposev of, admit-v ting'air tothe spacefwithin the `hood memn v(ber, yand obviouslyvthe shutter' being rotatablyy mountedV upon the hoodmember, the

. rpassages thus afforded for'the'movementof y air can be increasedor diminished to suit the 'Y e after vthis fashion, as by making use of a form of hood, but if this Were made too large :it would burnout too rapidly and also drive the incoming air'too far away from the burning fuel `body,'thus slowing down the rate of combustion; but if `made too small, any beneficial effect of the hood would -be barely noticeable. The presentconstruction aims to embody a combination of the features necessary for correcting the various operating difhculties..andffproviding aflexibility lacking-'inprevious constructions. As will -fbe seen, ,the improved burner is of the Aoutside mixing type `(that is, the main sup- .plygof air4 supporting `combustion is supplied outside the ffuel passage y5) The atomiz'ing medium issuesl in a kstream immediately surrounding the` cone of oil 'issuing -from vthe Levasis central orifice 10, the atomization being effected after leaving the burner tip proper. 'l

By virtue of the method of mountingythe hood member and its casing portion 17 iadjustably upon the burner casting, the size of the discharge orifice of the. atomizing inedium may be readily 'regulated by simply rotating said hood member, and since the vHow of fuel may be regulated by merely turning the handle15, it is possible to secure the most efficient rate of feed of both oil and atomizing medium in accordance with thev desired rate of oil consumption.

"The efficiency of a hood member as a means of protecting a 10W fire from-the chilling effectl of infioWing air required for combustion is unquestionech' but means should ber provided. for regulating: such air `movement and vin the improved conf struction this is done by the regulation of the shutter member 211 and varying the vsize of air passagesI through theopenings 2G. By this means it is possible to prevent too great a movement of air through the space directlysurrounding the orifices 10 and Q2, thereby greatly aiding in'ignition and in securing a more complete flame propagation. Again, when operating'under l high flame conditions,` at Which time the high for the shielding function of a hood, the air openings 26l inayreadily be regulated for obtaining'the proper amount of `'air supply inthis space immediatelyI around theorifices 10 and l22. The provision of this air shutter and the adjustable'openings 26 furthermore eliminatesv the tendencybof thehood structure to burn away under high flame con-r` ditions, which constituted one objection to the solid hood structure of previous burner types, with their absence of more thorough and effective air cooling.

It is obvious also that thel regulation of either the rate of oil feed'or the flow of the atomizing medium may be carried'out separately and independently, While the adjustvno ment of the hood for varying the flow ofthe' l.

atomizing medium maybe attended to Without any change .in the size of the shutter contacting With the loil jet in the ignition,`

Zone, and the regulationof the volume of air admitted to this Zone during high'flame periods when agreatly increased air supply and more vintimate air Contact are required.v

1/Vliile I have illustrated and described What I now regard as the preferred form of con. struction, 1 desire to reserve the righty to temperature vattained reducesy thefnecessity 95 y v sage provided with a discharge oriiiee, said burner also having a passage for feeding fluid under pressure to the exterior of said orifice, an air hood ineniberhaving a easing portion adjustably mounted on said burner and formed with an inwardly pro-v JectingI nozzle portion extending across said fluid pressure passage and provided With an i orifice surrounding said fuelvorifice, whereby the adjustment of saidhood member regu-- pressure past said fuel orifice, said hood member having openings for the `discharge of air to and from the space immediately surrounding said orifices, and a 'shutter member carried'by said hood member for regulating the movement of air'through said' i openings.

In Witness whereof" I hereunto aflix my l l HARRYVA. ATWATERJ l l signature.

`1'5` lates the rateof flow of said fluid under 

